Dual wavelength spectrophotometry

Dual wavelength spectrophotometry

Ø  This method measures oxygenation changes in capillary bed rather than in supply vessels & hence is independent of pulsatile flow.

Ø  It is useful in pulp tissue as there are arterioles rather than arteries in pulp ,encapsulated in firm dentin , making it difficult to detect pulse in pulp space.

Ø  DWLS detects the presence or absence of oxygenayed blood at 760 & 850nm  

LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY

LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY

Ø  Non invasive , electro optical technique , allows for semiquantitative recording for blood flow

Ø  Incident laser beam of known wavelength is directed through crown of tooth  and Moving red blood cells cause frequency of laser beam to be shifted & some light to be back scattered out of tooth

Ø  Reflected light is detected by photocell on tooth surface the output of which is proportional to the number & velocity on moving red blood cells

Pulse oximetry

Pulse oximetry :-

•          Non invasive – oxygen saturation monitoring device widely used in medical practice.

•          In the red range the oxyhaemoglobin absorbs less light than deoxyhaemoglobin  & vice –versa in the infrared region.

•          System consists of a probe containing a diode that emits light in two wavelengths

•          Red –660nm

•          Infrared –850nm

•          Probe is placed on labial surface of tooth-ideally on middle 1/3rd & photodetector diode is placed on opposing surfaces of tooth.

Recent Advances in Endodotics

Advances in Endodontics

Ø  Advances in diagnostic phase

Ø  Advance in preparatory phase

Ø  Advances in obturation phase.

Historical review can be broadly classified as

Ø  The empirical era [1687-1805]

Ø  The vitalistic era [1806-1878]

Ø  The focal infection era [1909-1937]

Ø  The scientific era [1937 onwards]

ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES

The current routine methods rely on the stimulation of A delta nerve fibers and give no direct indication of the blood flow within the pulp.

The various newer techniques which are under investigation and clinical trial are

Ø  Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Ø  Pulseoximetry

Ø  Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometry

Ø  Computerized Infrared Thermo graphic Imaging

Ø  Radiovisiography and other advanced digital imaging techniques for improved visibility

Ni Ti Instruments in endodontics - General Consensus

General Consensus

•          NiTi files perform better than stainless steel files in rotation.

•          NiTi - less transportation and centered preparation.

•          Maintains original canal shape -improves prognosis.

•          Reaming motion - less dentin extrusion.

Ni Ti Instruments in endodontics - Benefits Of Variable Taper

•          Benefits Of Variable Taper

    Root Canal Taper

•           Effective Shaping & Cleaning

•           Ample Irrigation

•           Dense 3-D Compaction of Gutta-Percha

•          Benefits of Innovative Design

•          Cutting Effectiveness

•          Preservation of Natural Canal Path

•          Safety

RaCe
(Reamers with Alternating Cutting Edge)  

Design Details   

Ÿ  Safety Memory Disc (SMD)

Ÿ  Sharp and Alternating Cutting Edges

Ÿ  Safety Tip

Ÿ  Benefits of RaCe

Ÿ  J Eliminates the Screwing-on/ Blocking and                       leads to a Weak Working Torque.

Ÿ  J Optimum Cutting Efficiency

Ÿ  J Efficient Evacuation of Dentin Chips and                         Debris

Ÿ  J System is available in 2, 4, 6, 8 & 10% taper

Ÿ  J Safety Tip ensures guidance & centering in the Canal.

Ÿ  J Reduction in the number of Instruments -provides Comfort and saves Time

Ÿ  J Maintenance of Max Dentin Thickness-increases chances of Long Term Success

J Most Instrument Ruptures are Avoided - thanks to SMD

Ni Ti Instruments PROTAPER SYSTEM

Protaper

3 shaping files  :-

                Sx auxillary shaping files

                S1

                S2

3 finnishing files :-

                F1

                F2

                F3

SX - Shaper X

•          No Identification Ring on its Au-colored Handle

•          D₀                 --Diameter is 0.19 mm

•          D₁₄--Diameter is 1.20 mm

•          D₀---D₉----- Faster Rate of Taper

•          Modified Guiding Tip

S1

•          Purple identification ring

•          D₀--Diameter  is  0.17mm

•          Coronal 1/3_rd of canal.

S2

•          White identification ring

•          D_o--Diameter is 0.20mm

•          Middle 1/3_rd of canal

Finishing Files - F1, F2, F3

•          Yellow, Red ,Blue Identification rings for F1, F2 & F3 resp.

•          F1 D₀--D₃-- 7% Taper

•          F2 D_o--D₃-- 8% Taper

•          F3 D_o--D₃-- 9% Taper